Presmult, Author at Aligner Insider | Page 3 of 3

From Skeptic to Elite

For the first decade of Barry J. Glaser’s private practice, he was like every other orthodontist around. His practice centered on treating patients with traditional brackets and wires. And those tools dictated not only how he treated patients, but how he did business—from staffing to scheduling.

But in the early 2000s, Glaser heard of a new product that could take the place of traditional brackets and wires. That product wouldn’t necessarily change how he treated patients, but it would change how he ran his business and how successful it would become.

Building a Practice

In 1988, Glaser received his DMD from the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and then went on to complete a 1-year residency at Englewood Hospital in New Jersey. From there he accepted a postdoctoral appointment in orthodontics at Boston University (BU), earning his specialty certification in 1992. But he didn’t jump into a private practice from there. Instead, he stayed in academics.

“I had a great opportunity to become a professor early in my career,” he says. “I became associate director of orthodontics at Montefiore Medical Center, where I had the chance to teach and conduct research. I also had a private practice in the hospital one day a week.”

For 3 years, Glaser honed his lecturing and teaching skills before shifting gears and purchasing his current practice in 1995 in the Westchester County suburb of Cortlandt Manor, NY.

During the first few years in practice, Glaser primarily employed the bidimensional technique, which he learned at BU under Professor Anthony Gianelly, DMD, PhD, MD. “Gianelly was truly one of the gods of orthodontics,” Glaser says. But growing the practice in those early years proved to be challenging for Glaser’s private practice.

“From 1995 until 2006, only about 15% of my patients were adults,” he says. While adults wanted and needed straight teeth and healthier occlusions, many were reluctant to consent to wearing traditional braces. “For example, a 50-year-old male who hadn’t smiled his entire adult life came to me for treatment. I told him in 12 to 15 months his teeth would be straight. But the thought of wearing braces proved to be a deal-breaker [for him]. His appearance affected his career and his life, but he couldn’t put up with braces,” Glaser noted. “Even a removable appliance was unacceptable for this patient.” Not only were Glaser’s patients frustrated, but he was as well.

As he considered how to expand his practice, Glaser heard of a new treatment tool: The Invisalign® system, introduced by Align Technology Inc, San Jose, Calif, in 1999. But Gianelly had instilled in him the importance of questioning innovation and seeking proof before accepting new ideas, a lesson he took seriously. “I thought it would be a disaster. I figured I’d let everyone else make mistakes with it,” Glaser says. “I didn’t think you could control the movement of teeth [with aligners] as well as you could with braces.”

By 2006, Invisalign seemed to be gaining acceptance in orthodontic circles, so Glaser decided to test the waters. “I still viewed this as a removable appliance for simple tooth movement, and I was skeptical of the results,” he says.

To his surprise, his adult patients complied with treatment. The absence of metal wires and brackets, coupled with minimal irritation or discomfort, made a difference. “I was surprised and pleased. Gradually, I increased the complexity of the cases I was treating.”

Today, Glaser reports that 99% of his adult patients use Invisalign and typically ask for it by name.

Treating Teens

As for the younger demographic: Glaser treats a significant number of adolescents and teens, and he classifies these younger patients into two different groups. His pre-teen patients—those between 10 and 12 years of age—typically prefer traditional metal braces. “At that age, kids think braces are cool. They want to belong to their peer group. Girls, especially, are excited to have braces.” He explains that the pink and purple colors hold great appeal for this age group. “Some parents who had braces want their children to also have braces,” Glaser adds.

But by the time a youngster reaches the age of 13, he or she may be embarrassed by metal wires and brackets and will instead prefer a more unobtrusive option. Before the dawn of Invisalign, Glaser would use ceramic braces for some teens, but few choose that option nowadays.

In 2008, when Invisalign introduced a teen version of the product, Glaser again expressed skepticism. Although he had success treating adults, he foresaw bigger challenges with his younger patients. “Teens are more independent and question authority. I thought compliance would be an issue,” he says. Still, he decided to give Invisalign Teen® a try.

To his surprise, the teens were often more compliant than the adults. “There was no magic involved. It was a matter of psychology. You have to understand what motivates a patient. A 17-year-old cheerleader does not want to wear braces to her prom or for senior pictures. It’s incredibly motivating for patients like this to wear an invisible aligner.”

And just as Glaser expressed skepticism of these invisible aligners at first, many parents also needed to be convinced that this treatment option would be good for their children. “Parents sometimes have objections to the aligners. We take the time to explain all the benefits of Invisalign and debunk the myths,” Glaser says.

For those parents who remain skeptical—whether it be that they don’t think it’s going to be as effective or they fear their child will lose or forget to wear their aligners and ultimately need to be treated with braces anyway—Glaser makes a deal with them. “I tell parents it won’t cost you a penny [if we need to switch to braces]. If for any reason Invisalign doesn’t work for you or your child, we’ll switch you over to braces at no charge. Crazy? Maybe. But we’ve tracked it, and it happens in less than one-half of 1% of all cases. To me, it’s worth it to get all those other patients into Invisalign. So parents say, ‘OK. Sounds good.’ And lo and behold, those kids are doing great.”

Scientific Evidence

However, Glaser’s complete conversion to Invisalign didn’t occur until 2010, 4 years into using Invisalign, when he attended a 2-day summit in Las Vegas. This particular conference featured John Morton, director of research and technology product innovation at Align Technology, who is largely responsible for the science behind Invisalign.

Up until the summit, Glaser had only been using Invisalign as he would a retainer—for minor tooth movement. “I wasn’t looking to change malocclusions because I didn’t think it could.”

The presentations and scientific evidence featured at the summit impressed Glaser. “For the first time, Align was doing physical measurements and following scientific principles. They developed an electronic typodont, where aligners can be placed on the teeth and they can measure the forces being generated at the level of the roots to produce the desired tooth movements,” he recalls.

Listening to the lectures, Glaser had an a-ha moment that changed everything. “I realized mechanically and biologically that what you could do with Invisalign was the same as what you could do with braces. The only reason I wasn’t addressing patients’ malocclusions with Invisalign was because I didn’t think you could. So once I realized that it’s the same mechanics—that you would set up patients the same way you would with braces—things really started to take off for me.”

Glaser now realized that Invisalign wasn’t a technology he could ignore, no passing fad. For him, it was the future of orthodontics. Given that, he saw an opportunity to differentiate his practice, setting out to become the first Elite Preferred provider in the Westchester area—a status that requires an orthodontist to start 50 Invisalign cases every 6 months.

Transitioning a Business

When any business incorporates a new product into its routine, it is going to have an impact on efficiency and profits. The challenge then is to correctly integrate that new technology so that the impact is positive and helps the business succeed.

Fully diving into Invisalign meant Glaser was taking a risk; the most obvious being the financial investment Invisalign carries, as lab fees and product costs run higher than traditional braces. He also made the decision to invest in an iTero® scanner, as he admits that taking PVS impressions was challenging for him and his staff, while his patients found the experience to be unpleasant.

However, once Glaser grew his number of Invisalign starts, he saw the product cost mitigated with Align Technology’s volume rebates. The financial cost of the iTero scanner was also mitigated with a federal IRS section 179 tax credit that allows a practice to write off the full amount of certain capital expenses in one year. When asked whether he thinks a practice needs to buy the iTero to reap all the benefits of incorporating Invisalign, he answers, “I think it’s worth every penny. The scans are dead-on accurate. The aligners fit better, and you don’t have to deal with rejected impressions. And patients are amazed by the technology. Plus, it is super-efficient. If you are going to look to try and make your appointments and your office as efficient as possible, it’s very helpful.”

Going beyond the initial equipment investment, Glaser had to look at the financial impact from a different angle. As with the integration of any new technology, the reduction in product cost wasn’t going to be what made his practice profitable and successful.

“It dawned on me that profitability in my practice wasn’t just the expense side of the balance sheet—and I think that’s what a lot of orthodontists focus on,” Glaser recalls. “They see the lab fee and think, ‘My lab fee is going to be three times as much with Invisalign. I’m going to make three times less money.’ But what about the other side of the balance sheet? What about staff? What about the number of days you work? What about emergency appointments and all those other inefficiencies? I realized that if I was going to be profitable with Invisalign, I really had to go back and look at what we were doing in the office and clean up everything. I had to streamline the office to be as efficient as possible.”

With Invisalign, patients not only required 40% fewer visits than with braces, they were also less likely to require emergency appointments. Glaser is quick to stress the importance of re-evaluating appointment scheduling to truly maximize the benefit of any new technology that makes appointments more efficient.

“Don’t just keep seeing the patient once a month because that’s what you learned in dental school. You have to really sit down and think about why you do the things you do in your office. I can assure you, if the patients are wearing their aligners well and coming in once a month, they will wear their aligners well coming in every 3 months,” Glaser says. “And I have never had a patient or parent say, ‘I can’t believe we’re only coming in four times a year. You’re ripping us off!’ Parents and kids are super scheduled and super busy. Parents appreciate that.”

With the freeing up of the schedule, Glaser also had to re-evaluate his staffing levels, and he realized he no longer needed to maintain his old numbers. Fortunately, he was able to reduce his staff from six to four through attrition—retirement and career changes—rather than layoffs. In real numbers, between salary and benefits in NY, cutting those two positions resulted in about $120,000 per year in true savings, more than making up the difference in additional lab fees, he says. And the opportunities for the practice to profit from a staff perspective didn’t stop there. Now that they weren’t so busy, staff had time to take on some of the marketing tasks that make a practice successful—from updating the practice’s Facebook page to visiting referring offices.

And there is another marketing angle that comes with a product like Invisalign that goes beyond just having more time in the office to better market the practice. Not only does Align Technology provide users with numerous free or low-cost marketing materials—from brochures and posters for the office to professionally shot patient testimonials for the practice website, it has also positioned Invisalign as a household name with TV and print ads targeting both parents and teens. Patients walk into orthodontic offices asking for it by name.

What’s more, by becoming an Elite provider, Glaser’s practice is listed on the Invisalign website’s Doctor Locator tool, which allows those patients looking specifically for Invisalign to find a doctor in their area who can do it. Glaser has seen this marketing tool pay off for his practice. At least two times a month, he receives an email from a potential patient saying they found him on the Doctor Locator site. “Those patients are real patients,” Glaser says. “That’s 20 to 25 patients per year being driven to my office through the website.”

Moreover, Glaser benefits from being listed as the No 1 provider in his area. He tells the story of a 13-year-old boy who came in with his mother looking for treatment with Invisalign. The mother and son were from a town that was some distance away. “You drove past five orthodontist’s offices to get to my office. What are you doing all the way over here?” he remembers asking. “And the kid looks up at me and says, ‘You’re the No 1 doctor.’ They had seen me on the Doctor Locator. Parents don’t want to go to No 5 for their child. They want to go to No 1.”

As Glaser treated more teens, he soon saw how they were becoming “brand ambassadors,” not just for Invisalign, but also for his practice. “When you think about it, it’s just like anything else. My boys only want to wear the Jordan’s [basketball sneakers]—they have to have the swosh. And I was the same way [as a kid]. I wanted the Levi’s. Kids are, for better or worse, incredibly impressionable, incredibly brand motivated, and incredibly brand loyal. So once Invisalign starts to become a thing, that’s what they want—like any other fashion,” he says.

Glaser adds that, “Only 5% of teens in the United States are currently being treated with Invisalign. As I [speak about it], I emphasize the huge opportunity for orthodontists to market Invisalign to teens and their parents. It has helped keep my practice competitive.”

He has used Invisalign as a way to turn school nurses and hygienists into brand ambassadors as well. “We market a lot to the hygienists, especially [for the hygiene benefits of Invisalign]. They love it. They love that they don’t have to clean between brackets and wires. So, we offer to treat hygienists at a reduced fee because we want them to be our ambassadors. We also sponsor a hygienists’ appreciation breakfast once a year and educate them about the many benefits of Invisalign.”

Beyond having more time for marketing, the reduction in patient visits also meant that there was more time to do patient consults. Prior to Invisalign, there was a 4-week wait list. As a result, many patients called up other orthodontists for an appointment. That wait list has now been reduced to less than 1 week, Glaser says.

And even with the time for more patient consults, Glaser, a married father of two boys, has still been able to reduce his work schedule from 16 to 18 days per month to 12 to 14 days per month. All this freed-up time has had a huge impact on Glaser’s practice and his work life. “With that free time, I could choose to open a satellite office or spend more time with my family or pursuing hobbies. I could use the time to drive the growth of the practice and do things that make you successful, like networking or sponsoring a Lunch and Learn.”

Even though using the free time to open a second office would have upped the profitability potential that came with changing his practice, Glaser decided to spend the additional free time learning to play the guitar, riding his Harley-Davidson motorcycle, and returning to his academic roots by lecturing instead. Since becoming an Elite Invisalign provider, Glaser has been delivering educational lectures about the product first in the northeast and then across North America. Last year, he gave more than 40 talks at a variety of conferences and meetings. “I have been involved with orthodontic education for over 20 years,” Glaser says. “I thoroughly enjoy giving something back to my peers in the orthodontic community.”

Four years after his decision to convert his practice, approximately 75% of Glaser’s current patients opt for the Invisalign system. His decision to take the leap and radically change the way he practiced has been career defining, and, more importantly, successful.

For other orthodontists to experience the same success with Invisalign or with the introduction of any other new technology into their practice, Glaser reiterates the importance of changing the way you think to reap the best rewards. “If you basically use your bracket and wire paradigm with Invisalign, you’re still probably going to be happier because you are going to have an easier day. But if you are looking to make it as profitable as possible, you need to make some simple changes. Think about all those things you do just because that’s what you do. It’s not necessary.”

In the end, an appliance change or adoption of a new technology does not determine success in and of itself. They are merely tools, Glaser emphasizes. “The skill and training you have as a doctor provides the best outcome. My number one priority is to do the best orthodontics on every patient that walks through the door. This helps my practice grow.”

Source: http://www.orthodonticproductsonline.com/2014/06/skeptic-elite

Dr Glaser’s 10 Commandments of Attachment Design

If you are a frequent reader of Orthodontic Products, you already know that I treat approximately 75% of my patients with Invisalign® from Align Technology Inc. What you may not know is that I spend considerable time and effort customizing each and every ClinCheck® plan. Over the past 10 years, I have encountered certain clinical situations where, in my hands, the default optimized attachments don’t always get the job done. In these situations, I substitute attachments of my own design that give me more predictable results.

In this article, I descend from the mountain to bestow upon my readers Dr Glaser’s 10 commandments of attachment design. These 10 simple rules will help to keep your patient’s Invisalign treatment on track. Use them wisely!

1. Thou shalt use 4 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular retentive attachments on the lower 4’s and 5’s to support leveling of the lower Curve of Spee.

Aligners require posterior retention to effectively intrude the lower incisors to level the Curve of Spee. Why? Think Newton’s Third Law. The “action” force comes from the anterior portion of the aligner pressing down on the lower anterior teeth. The “reaction” is for the distal portion of the aligner to pop off the posterior teeth. Your patient may note that the back of the aligners feels “bouncy.” Herein lies the problem. If the aligner is dislodged from the molars, the intrusion forces to the lower anteriors are diminished or lost completely. Clinically, the patient’s deep overbite will not correct.

This situation can be remedied by placing 4 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular attachments on the lower 4’s and 5’s (Figure 1). These attachments provide “grip,” so that the aligners stay firmly on the posterior teeth, allowing for effective forces of intrusion. “What about unwanted posterior extrusion?” you ask. While it is true that the reaction force will tend to place extrusion forces against the attachments on the lower 4’s and 5’s, the forces of occlusion effectively block any unwanted posterior extrusion.

2. Thou shalt trash optimized rotation attachments on the lower 4’s and 5’s, and substitute the attachments described in Commandment #1 in situations where leveling the Curve of Spee takes priority over premolar rotation.

Another issue that can interfere with levelling of the lower Curve of Spee is software-related. Optimized rotation attachments are one of many SmartForce® features integrated into the ClinCheck software. All SmartForce features, optimized rotation attachments being one of them, have built-in protocols that place the attachments at certain clinical thresholds. Optimized rotation attachments are placed automatically on the premolars when rotations of 5° or greater are detected. But what happens when you need premolar anchorage to level the lower Curve of Spee? The smaller optimized rotation attachments are not retentive enough to support the intrusion of the lower incisors. When this situation arises, I use 3D controls in ClinCheck Pro to trash the optimized rotation attachments, and substitute the 4 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular attachments described in Commandment #1. Typically, the larger attachments are more than adequate to gain the desired rotation. If, after the bite has been opened, there is still the need for additional rotation of the premolars, I will allow the placement of optimized rotation attachments during refinement.

3. Thou shalt use 3 mm wide gingivally beveled rectangular attachments when applying palatal root torque U 2112.

Another SmartForce feature is power ridges. Power ridges are designed to place torque on upper and lower incisors. I have encountered a performance issue when there are four power ridges on the upper anterior teeth in situations where I want to add palatal root torque (PRT). A side effect of the torquing force tends to make the aligners slip off the anterior teeth, as depicted in Figure 2. When this situation arises, the aligners do not fully engage the anterior teeth and the torque will not express. Unfortunately, the software will not allow the placement of a retentive attachment on the same tooth as a power ridge. My solution for this problem is to prescribe the desired palatal root torque, but I ask my technician to delete the power ridges and add 3 mm wide gingivally beveled rectangular attachments to keep the aligners fully engaged on the teeth (Figure 3). I still get the torque, but don’t have to worry about the aligners disengaging from the teeth. Try it!

4. Thou shalt not use power ridges, except for single tooth torquing.

Not only do I find the power ridge-related performance issue as described in Commandment #3, there’s another issue my patients have with power ridges: comfort. In general, I hear few complaints from patients regarding aligner comfort. However, power ridges, especially several in a row, can be a source of both lip irritation and speech issues. More frequently in adults than teens, patients who spend their days talking—teachers, for example—have complained about saliva bubbling out around the gingival gap created by the power ridge, as well as significant irritation to the mucosa of the lip. I have heard enough of these complaints to virtually eliminate power ridges from my repertoire, with one exception—applying root torque to a single tooth. Most often encountered in situations where a lower incisor root requires lingual root torque, I will allow placement of a power ridge. I will support this movement with a small rectangular attachment on the adjacent teeth to ensure that the aligner stays fully engaged and the torque expresses. While I still run the risk of causing irritation to the lip, one power ridge doesn’t seem to be as problematic. We also empower our patients to use an emery board to smooth the gingival aspect of the aligner if necessary.

5. Thou shalt use 4 mm wide gingivally beveled rectangular attachments on the upper laterals to support absolute extrusion.

There are two ways to extrude a tooth: 1) relative extrusion and 2) absolute extrusion.

Relative extrusion occurs when a tooth is being tipped lingually. Think habit-induced anterior open bite. Eliminate the habit and the anterior teeth simultaneously retract and relatively extrude; and PRESTO! the bite closes down. Relative extrusion is an “Invisalign free ride.” You don’t need any special attachments or ClinCheck modifications to achieve relative extrusion, and it’s very predictable.

Absolute extrusion—physically grabbing a tooth and extruding it from the alveolus—can be quite challenging to achieve predictably with aligners, especially on pesky maxillary lateral incisors. This is probably the most common area to encounter non-tracking, and it’s not surprising. It has been said that with Invisalign, we are trying to move “slippery teeth with a wet piece of plastic.” In addition, the maxillary lateral incisors are small, with little surface area for the aligners to engage. This is a situation where 3D controls in ClinCheck Pro come in handy. In instances where absolute extrusion of the maxillary incisors is desired, I place a 4 mm wide gingivally beveled attachment to provide additional “aligner grip” (Figure 4). They work quite well, and they’re not as much an aesthetic problem as you would think. I use Flow Tain® from Reliance Orthodontic Products Inc as my attachment material. It’s very translucent and picks up the natural shade of the tooth. We explain to our patients that this attachment is absolutely necessary to achieve a good result, and I don’t negotiate! I would rather settle the issue of attachments with my patients at the beginning of treatment versus running the risk of the dreaded “I spent all this money and my tooth isn’t straight” conversation a year or more into treatment.

6. Thou shalt use 3D controls in ClinCheck Pro to rotate the bevels of these upper lateral attachments so the bevel blends smoothly into the gingival aspect of the tooth.

There is a debate amongst Invisalign educators as to the orientation of the bevel for optimal predictability of absolute extrusion of incisors. One school of thought contends that the bevel should be oriented towards the incisal edge, resulting in a large “ledge” at the gingival aspect of the attachment. This ledge, the thinking goes, provides maximum grip for the aligner and provides the best opportunity to gain absolute extrusion. This rationale makes sense, but there’s a problem. The interface between the ledge of the attachment and the aligner is not very forgiving if the tooth begins to get off track and goes into “failure mode.” If this occurs, even slightly, the aligner will not fit properly over the attachment and may even begin to exert an unwanted lingual force. Unwanted lingual forces are bad, and may lead to the opposite of the desired tooth movement, meaning intrusion rather than extrusion.

The opposing school of thought contends that the bevel should be oriented gingivally. While providing somewhat less grip, the long gingival bevel allows more forgiveness in failure mode. In other words, if the tooth begins to get off track, there is still plenty of engagement between the aligner surface and the bevel.

My personal preference is the latter, beveling the attachment towards the gingival, mimicking the orientation of optimized extrusion attachments, which have been biomechanically tested by Align Technology to be the best orientation for absolute extrusion. By manipulating these attachments using 3D controls, I roll the bevel gingivally and make the attachments 4 mm in length to make a broad flat surface to gain as much surface area as possible, and I find this to work well (Figure 5).

7. Thou shalt use the same attachment as above to support intrusion of the upper central incisors.

Have you ever encountered a situation where you want to intrude UR1 UL1? You set up your ClinCheck to achieve this movement, but clinically you notice that there is gapping (non-tracking) at the level of the maxillary lateral incisors. Your first instinct may be to consider a bootstrap elastic on the laterals to pull them back into the aligner, because it appears the laterals are not tracking. If we analyze this situation more closely, it’s not the laterals that are not tracking; it’s the centrals. Why? Imagine each aligner stage intruding the upper centrals .25 mm per tray. What happens if the centrals don’t intrude? The aligner, when seated, will first contact the incisal edges of the upper centrals, and will not allow full seating of the tray on the adjacent laterals. Clinically, this appears to be lateral non-tracking, but the real culprit is lack of intrusion of the centrals—it’s the centrals not tracking! To reduce the chances of this occurring, place the same attachment as described in Commandment #6, a 4 mm wide gingivally beveled rectangular attachment on the upper laterals to support the intrusion of the centrals. These attachments provide anchorage to keep the aligners engaged on the teeth and transmit the intrusion forces appropriately to the centrals.

8. Thou shalt place a 3 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular attachment on the mesial of the lower 6’s for aligner retention whilst using Class II elastics.

I treat a lot of teens with Invisalign. Naturally, many of these patients have Class II malocclusions. In a previous article in Orthodontic Products, I described in detail my Class II protocol. In my protocol, I prefer to use precision cut elastic hooks on the lower molars to retain the elastics. To prevent the aligners from dislodging posteriorly from the pull of the elastics, I add a 3 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular attachment to the mesio-buccal aspect of the lower first molars to provide aligner retention (Figure 6). This works very well and eliminates the need to bond a button or bracket, which can fall off during treatment and cause an unwanted emergency appointment.

9. Thou shalt trash optimized attachments on the upper 3’s and place a standard attachment when a precision cut elastic hook is needed on the upper 3’s.

Similarly, I use precision cut elastic hooks on the upper 3’s to retain the Class II elastics. You may have encountered situations where your technician informs you that an optimized attachment cannot be placed on the same tooth as a precision cut. If this occurs, trash the optimized attachment and place a standard attachment that best approximates the shape and orientation of the optimized attachment. This way, you can have your elastic hook and an attachment on the same tooth.

10. Thou shalt place 4 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular attachments on the upper 4’s and 5’s to support intrusion of the upper molars in thy open bite cases.

Treating open bites with Invisalign can be incredibly gratifying, especially in cases where upper molar intrusion is desired. Once again, we need to look at Newton’s Third Law. In this case, the “action” force is intrusion of the upper molars. The “reaction” is the dislodgement of the aligner in the region of the upper premolars. If the aligner is allowed to dislodge on the premolars, the intrusion forces are diminished or lost completely to the molars and the open bite won’t close. To prevent this from happening, place 4 mm wide occlusally beveled rectangular attachments on the upper 4’s and 5’s to support the intrusion of the molars (Figure 7). Here’s one more tip—overtreat the intrusion of the molars to a 2 mm posterior open bite, as aligners can routinely underperform in this area.

Source: http://www.orthodonticproductsonline.com/2016/03/dr-glasers-10-commandments-attachment-design

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